Other inputs

Other inputs to the calculations is type of heat pump, type of operation of the heat pump, type of control of the heat pump, type of heating (floor heating or radiator heating), minimum source operating temperature, the effect of auxiliary equipment and backup electricity heater.  
Other possible energy sources can also be chosen, but this chapter only treats the heat pumps.  
Output from the calculations The model calculates the energy use and losses based upon constant fractions. The fraction of the energy use and the different losses is displayed by the model. A diagram shows the energy supply per temperature bin and how it is covered from different energy sources.  The seasonal energy efficiency, etas, is calculated.  
Etas = Lh/Qtot+cctrl where Qtot=Lh + Lsys + Qgen + Qel
etas is the net space heating demand of the house over the sum of the generated heat of the system. Qtot is the sum of the space heating demand (Lh), the losses from the heating system (Lsys), the primary energy losses of the energy input to the system (Qgen) and the energy needed by the auxiliary equipment such as control and heat sink pumps (Qel).

En kravspecifikation

En kravspecifikation för mätdata som behövs för att användas för validering har tagits fram. En sammanställning av befintliga standardliknande beräkningsmetoder (existerande algoritmer) för SPF har gjorts. Syftet med analysen har varit att beskriva existerande algoritmer (modeller) samt kartlägga om nuvarande program (Annex 28, SP´s beräkningsprogram mm) innefattar alla typer av värmepumpsystem som finns på marknaden idag. En viktig del är att undersöka hur kombinerad drift dvs. tappvarmvatten och värme behandlas i modellerna. En annan fråga är huruvida olika typer av kapacitetsreglering behandlas. Sammanställningen har visat att det finns en stor brist bland förekommande program och metoder vad gäller att ta hänsyn till : Kombisystem, såsom sol-vp Kapacitetsreglerade system System med kombinerad varmvattentillverkning och uppvärmning Existerande algoritmer har jämförts med resultat från fältmätningar. Från existerande fältmätningar har data tagits för att jämföra resultaten med befintliga metoder för att beräkna SPF. En analys av hur väl dessa metoder förmådde beräkna SPF för de studerade systemen har gjorts. Denna analys visar att resultaten från fältmätningarna ofta visar på högre SPF än vad som beräkningsmodellerna ger. Det finns flera orsaker till detta, bland annat att modellerna använder sig av konstant marktemperatur (som i förekommande fall är lägre än verklig marktemperatur), att modellerna använder en bivalent punkt som aldrig uppträtt i de verkliga mätningarna mm. Den gjorda jämförelsen visar på ett antal viktiga faktorer att studera vidare.

where the quantities

where the quantities G3  and G2  are the moisture content of the outside and inside air respectively.  Referring to a copy of a psychrometric chart or to Figure 3, locate point 2 representing the inside design conditions of 80F db and 50% relative humidity. From point 2, project a horizontal line to the right to the moister content scale and read and read G2 = .011 lb moisture per lb dry air.  Similarly locate point 3 for the outside conditions of 95 F db and 75F dew point.  From the chart obtain G3  = .019 lb moisture per lb dry air.  Then the latent heat from the infiltration is
                              q = 4840 (20) (.019 - .011) = 774 Btu/hr
Appliances such gas ovens, ranges, and dishwashers add to the latent heat load in a building.  These contributions are estimated from the data of Reference 2 as follows:
Dishwasher           q = 420 Btu/hr Gas oven               q = 1200 Btu/hr
© Gary D. Beckfeld  Page 10 of 21
Gas range              q = 5600 Btu/hr

Air sweep method

Air sweep method
A dust vacuum collecting device is connected to an opening in the duct.It is recommended thatthe insulated area of the ductfor cleaning has a minimum static pressure of 25 mm c.a., to ensure correct transport of the material for collection.Compressed air is introduced into the ductwith a hose.The vacuum head is introduced into the ductusing the nearestopening atthe beginning of the duct network Hoovering is started, following the airflow, sufficiently slowly to allow the vacuum cleaner to gather all the dirt.
Mechanical brush method
A hoovering device is connected to the mostextreme pointof the network. Toevacuate dirtand dustparticles suspended in the air,rotary brushes are used, with electric or pneumatic power. Dirt particles are dragged into the airflow direction inside the ductand are then collected by vacuum cleaner.
Brushing operations will usually require larger access openings than the previous method.Nevertheless,fewer openings are needed.Certain types of mechanical brushes can reach up to 7min both directions.

offers Limited Warranty

Adam Equipment offers Limited Warranty (Parts and Labour) for the components failed due to
defects in materials or workmanship. Warranty starts from the date of delivery.
During the warranty period, should any repairs be necessary, the purchaser must inform its
supplier or Adam Equipment Company. The company or its authorised Technician reserves the
right to repair or replace the components at any of its workshops depending on the severity of
the problems. However, any freight involved in sending the faulty units or parts to the service
centre should be borne by the purchaser.
The warranty will cease to operate if the equipment is not returned in the original packaging
and with correct documentation for a claim to be processed. All claims are at the sole discretion
of Adam Equipment

For the purposes

For the purposes of this Strategy Guideline, an energy efficient house is defined as one that is
designed and built for decreased energy use and improved comfort through higher levels of
insulation, more energy efficient windows, high efficiency space conditioning and water heating
equipment, energy efficient lighting and appliances, reduced air infiltration, and controlled
mechanical ventilation. Specification levels for energy efficient houses have historically been
prescribed by beyond code programs that set a percentage better than code for energy use, such
as ENERGY STAR®, which requires houses to be 15% more energy efficient than code. Beyond
code programs continue to set a percentage better than the improved codes for energy use,
raising the bar for whole house energy efficiency. The 2009 International Energy Conservation
Code (IECC) establishes an estimated 15% improvement in energy efficiency over the previous
2006 IECC requirements. Ongoing code cycles incrementally increase the minimum efficiency
of a house. For example, the 2012 IECC achieves approximately 30% savings over the 2006
version. As the new codes are adopted and implemented, a house that was built under an above
code program in 2010 will likely be the code mandated house in 2015. As the energy efficiency

Machinery space ventilation

Machinery space ventilation
E.5.1 The ventilation systems for machinery spaces of category A shall be separated from the ventilation
systems serving other spaces and shall be in general of the supply type. Other modes of operation
may be applied upon special approval.
E.5.2 Machinery spaces of category A shall be adequately ventilated so as to ensure that when machinery
or boilers therein are operating at full power in all weather conditions including heavy weather, an
adequate supply of air is maintained to the spaces for the safety and comfort of personnel and the operation
of the machinery. Any other machinery space shall be adequately ventilated appropriate for the purpose
of that machinery space.
E.5.3 In general, ventilators necessary to continuously supply the machinery space shall have
coamings of sufficient height to comply with LLC 1966 as amended 1988, Regulation 19(3), without having
to fit weathertight closing appliances (see also D.3.2). However, where due to ship size and arrangement
this is not practicable, lesser heights for machinery space coamings, fitted with weathertight closing
appliances in accordance with LLC 1966 as amended 1988, Regulation 19(4), may be permitted by the
Administration in combination with other suitable arrangements to ensure an uninterrupted, adequate
supply of ventilation to these spaces. The machinery spaces are those defined in SOLAS Regulation II-
1/Reg. 3.16.

Paint stores and flammable liquid lockers

Paint stores and flammable liquid lockers
E.4.1 Paint stores and flammable liquid lockers are to be provided with ventilation arrangements
which are separate from other ventilation systems.
E.4.2 The ventilation system shall be capable of effecting at least 10 changes of air per hour. The
ducts are to be arranged such that both vapours lighter than air and vapours heavier than air can be removed.

E.4.3 Ventilation outlets or their duct openings shall lead to the open deck area.
E.4.4 The drives of mechanical ventilators shall be installed outside the rooms and air flow. Otherwise
certified safe type drive motors with an explosion protection of at least IIB T3 are to be used.
E.4.5 The ventilator design shall comply with regulation

Control stations

Control stations
E.3.1 Such measures as are practicable shall be taken in respect of control stations outside machinery
spaces in order to ensure that ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke are maintained, so
that in the event of fire the machinery and equipment contained therein may be supervised and continue
to function effectively.
In case a control station is served by a common ventilation system, which serves also other spaces, effective
local closing arrangements shall be provided.
Effective local closing arrangements mean that the provided ventilation systems shall be fitted with fire
dampers or smoke dampers which could be closed easily within the control station in order to maintain
the absence of smoke in the event of fire.
E.3.2 Alternative and separate means of air supply shall be provided; air inlets of the two sources of
supply shall be so disposed that the risk of both inlets drawing in smoke simultaneously is minimized.
Such requirements need not be applied to control stations situated on, and opening on to, an open deck
and where local closing arrangements would be equally effective.
Alternative and separate means of air supply may be provided also by combination of a mechanical supply
duct and a natural exhaust duct or vice versa provided that the fan is reversible

Requirements for Particular Spaces

Requirements for Particular Spaces
E.1 Accommodation spaces
As far as applicable, national requirements should be observed concerning primary data of air condition
system and air change rates.
E.2 Galleys
E.2.1 Where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials,
the exhaust ducts from galley ranges shall be constructed of insulated "A" class divisions. Each exhaust
duct shall be fitted with:
 a grease trap readily removable for cleaning
 a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct and in addition, a fire damper in the upper end of
the duct
 arrangements, operable from within the galley near exit, for shutting off the exhaust fan
 fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct are to be provided on all cargo ships and passenger
vessels carrying not more than 36 passengers, where the ducts pass through accommodation
spaces or spaces containing combustible materials

Additional fire safety arrangements

Additional fire safety arrangements
D.7.1 Stopping devices of ventilation
Forced ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, cargo spaces, control stations and machinery
spaces shall be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the spaces being
served. This position shall not be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces served.
D.7.2 Means of control for machinery space ventilation arrangements
D.7.2.1 Means of control shall be provided for opening and closure of skylights, closure of openings in
funnels which normally allow for exhaust air ventilation and closure of ventilator dampers.
D.7.2.2 Means of control shall be provided for stopping fans. Controls provided for the power ventilation
serving machinery spaces shall be grouped so as to be operable from two positions, one of which
shall be outside such spaces. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation of the machinery
spaces shall be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces.
D.7.2.3 Means of control shall be provided for stopping forced and induced draught boiler fans.

The controls required

D.7.2.4 The controls required in D.7.2.1 to D.7.2.3 shall be located outside the space concerned so
they will not be cut off in the event of fire in the space they serve.
D.7.2.5 Concerning control of smoke spread for machinery spaces, see D.7.3.3.
D.7.2.6 Automatic stopping of ventilation fans when releasing the CO2-System is not permitted. Separate
manual stopping of ventilation fans is to be carried out before releasing the CO2- System.
D.7.3 Control of smoke spread
D.7.3.1 Purpose
The purpose of this requirement is to control the spread of smoke in order to minimize the hazards from
smoke. For this purpose, means for controlling smoke in atriums, control stations, machinery spaces and
concealed spaces shall be provided.
D.7.3.2 Prevention of spread of smoke over several decks
Ventilation ducts serving more than one deck level shall be provided with readily accessible means of
closure at each deck level.
D.7.3.3 Release of smoke from machinery spaces
D.7.3.3.1 The provisions of D.7.3.3.2 to D.7.3.3.4 shall apply to machinery spaces of category A, and
where considered desirable to other machinery spaces.

Non-sparking fans

D.6 Non-sparking fans
D.6.1 Protection screens of not more than 13 mm square mesh are to be fitted in the inlet and outlet
ventilation openings on the open deck to prevent the entrance of objects into the fan housing.
D.6.2 Overheating of the mechanical components of fans and the creation of sparks is to be avoided
by appropriate design and by the choice of suitable materials. The safety clearance between the fan
housing and the impeller shall not be less than 1/10 of the inner impeller bearing diameter, limited to a
minimum of 2 mm and is to be such as to preclude any contact between the housing and the rotor. The
maximum clearance need not be more than 13 mm. The above requirement also applies to portable fans.
D.6.3 Following materials or combinations of materials for impeller/housing may be used:
 non-metallic materials (plastic material having sufficient electric conductivity) with each other or with
steel (incl. galvanized, stainless). The electrical resistance of non-metallic materials must not exceed
106 Ohm unless special measures are taken to prevent electrostatic charges at the surface of the
material.
 non-ferrous materials having good heat conductivity (bronze, brass, copper, not aluminium) with
each other or with steel (incl. galvanized, stainless)
 steel (incl. galvanized, stainless) with each other if a ring of adequate size made of above nonmetallic/non-ferrous
material is fitted in way of the impeller, or if a safety clearance of 13 mm is provided

 aluminium or magnesium alloys with each other or with steel (incl. galvanized, stainless) only, if a
non-ferrous ring having a good heat conductivity, i.e. copper, brass, of adequate size is fitted in way
of the impeller